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Compare Niue (2003) - Christmas Island (2002)
Compare Niue (2003) z Christmas Island (2002)
| Niue (2003) | Christmas Island (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.) |
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle | NA |
| Airports | 1 (2002) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 260 sq km
land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 135 sq km
land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | Alofi | The Settlement |
| Climate | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds |
| Coastline | 64 km | 80 km |
| Constitution | 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) | NA |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island |
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
| Currency | New Zealand dollar (NZD) | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $418,000 (2002 est.) | $NA |
| Dependency status | self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.79 million kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - production | 3 million kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
| Environment - current issues | increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) | Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30% |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts | phosphate |
| Exports - partners | NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) | Australia, NZ |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross | the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: 55% |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | -0.3% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 19 02 S, 169 52 W | 10 30 S, 105 40 E |
| Geography - note | one of world's largest coral islands | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean |
| Highways | total: 234 km
paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001) |
total: 140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)
paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs | consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) | principally Australia |
| Independence | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, handicrafts, food processing | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% |
NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1% (1995) | NA% |
| International organization participation | ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court |
| Labor force | NA | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 19.23%
permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English | English (official), Chinese, Malay |
| Legal system | English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws |
under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected |
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2002) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | definition: NA
total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA% |
NA |
| Location | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia |
| Map references | Oceania | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
contiguous zone: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force | - |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | NA |
| Nationality | noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean |
noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
| Natural resources | fish, arable land | phosphate, beaches |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none |
| Population | 2,145 (July 2003 est.) | 474 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.01% (2003 est.) | -9% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Flying Fish Cove |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 24 km to serve phosphate mines |
| Religions | Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) | Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) |
| Sex ratio | NA (2003 est.) | NA |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
international: NA |
general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 376 (1991) | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1991) | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | NA |
| Terrain | steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman (2003 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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